Ральф Альфэр: розьніца паміж вэрсіямі

Змесціва выдалена Змесціва дададзена
д Ральф Алфер перанесеная ў Ральф Альфэр: слушная назва
афармленьне
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'''Ральф Ашар АльферАльфэр''' ({{мова-en|Ralph Asher Alpher}}; [[3 лютага]], [[1921]]-[[12 жніўня]], [[2007]])<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/TimesUnion-Albany/Obituaries.asp?Page=Lifestory&PersonId=92608104 Obituary in the Albany (NY) Times-Union]</ref>) — [[ЗШАЗлучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі|амэрыканскі]] спецыялістспэцыяліст у вобласьці касмалёгіі.
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'''Ральф Ашар Альфер''' ({{мова-en|Ralph Asher Alpher}} [[3 лютага]], [[1921]]-[[12 жніўня]], [[2007]])<ref>[http://www.legacy.com/TimesUnion-Albany/Obituaries.asp?Page=Lifestory&PersonId=92608104 Obituary in the Albany (NY) Times-Union]</ref> [[ЗША|амэрыканскі]] спецыяліст у вобласьці касмалёгіі.
 
==Дзяцінства і адукацыя==
АлферуАльфэру прысудзілі стыпендыюстыпэндыю МасачусецкагаМасачусэцкага тэхналягічнага інстытута, калі яму было 16 годгадоў. Атрымаць яе не ўдалося, бо АлферАльфэр быў жыдом. Пазьней ён атрымаў ступень бакалаўрабакаляўра ва ўніверсітэцеўнівэрсытэце Джорджа Вашынгтана, дзе пазнаёміўся ззь вядомым фізыкам з Расеі [[Джордж Гамаў|Джорджам Гамавым]]. ПрафесарПрафэсар Гамаў кансультаваў АлфераАльфэра падчас напіаньнянапісаньня доктарскай дысертацыідысэртацыі.
 
==Тэорыя Алфера-Бэтэ-Гамава (Альфа-Бэта-Гама)==
 
==Тэорыя АлфераАльфэра-Бэтэ-Гамава (Альфа-Бэта-Гама)==
АлферАльфэр набыў вядомасьць, калі ў 1948 годзе прадказаў існаваньне рэшты касьмічнага мікрахвалевага выпрамяненьня [[:en:cosmic microwave background radiation|CMB]].<!-- from the [[Big Bang]], in [[1948]], along with [[George Gamow]]. The [[Alpher-Bethe-Gamow theory]], which he assisted Gamow in developing, was published as an important paper in April of 1948. It is thought that Alpher provided much needed mathematical ability to support Gamow's theorizing. His dissertation defense was attended by major news media, and hundreds of interested onlookers--as opposed to the typical doctoral candidate-plus academic committee of five faculty at American universities.
 
[[Hans Bethe]] had virtually no part in the development of the theory (although he later worked on related topics); Gamow added his name to make the paper's title a pun of "Alpha-Beta-Gamma," the first three letters of the Greek alphabet. The first major report of this work appeared in the periodical Nature on [[April 1]], 1948 ([[April Fool's Day]]). The humor engendered by the prodigious Gamow may at times have obscured the critical role Alpher played in developing the theory. Other scientists who read the paper may have assumed (erroneously) that Gamow and Bethe had been the primary contributors. Perhaps because of his major contribution to the Big Bang Theory of the origin of the Universe and the highly classified nature of his work for the [[U.S. Navy]] and the [[Office of Scientific Research and Development]], Alpher's contributions as a Physicist to highly classified [[Naval Ordnance]] during [[World War II]] hav been somewhat obscured, although he received in December 1945 the Naval Ordnance Development Award. Alpher himself was somewhat ambivalent about the nature of this work <ref>(source: Dr. Victor S. Alpher) </ref> and sought to move on when taking a position with the [[General Electric]] Company's Research and Development Center in 1954.
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away following an extended illness on August 12, 2007. The citation for this award reads "For his unprecedented work in the areas of nucleosynthesis, for the prediction that universe expansion leaves behind background radiation, and for providing the model for the Big Bang theory."
 
The President's National Medal of Science Laureates are chosen by a committee within the National Science Foundation. John F. Kennedy presented the first Medals. Since that time, fewer than 500 such Laureates have been selected across all fields of science for outstanding contributions to science generally and to the leadership of the United States in all fields. Some refer to these awards as "lifelong career contribution" awards, unlike the Nobel and other prizes, which are typically made for specific contributions.-->
 
== Крыніцы ==
==References==
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{{Накід:Навука}}
==Вонкавыя спасылкі==
* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/connected/main.jhtml?xml=/connected/2004/09/22/ecnsing22.xml&sSheet=/connected/2004/09/22/ixconnrite.html Газэтны агляд] кнігі пра Вялікі Выбухвыбух, у якой АлферАльфэр названы адным з галоўных стваральнікаў тэорыі Вялікага Выбухувыбуху
* [http://www.discover.com/issues/jul-99/features/featbigbang/?page=1 Артыкул пра жыцьцё АлфераАльфэра] уў часопісе Discover 1999 году.
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/13/AR2007081301014.html Obituary in the Washington Post]
* [http://www.legacy.com/TimesUnion-Albany/Obituaries.asp?Page=Lifestory&PersonId=92608104 Obituary in the Albany (NY) Times-Union]
 
[[Катэгорыя:Амэрыканскія навукоўцы|АлферАльфэр, Ральф]]
 
[[da:Ralph Alpher]]